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| ay, rough and other hazards, and the putting green surrounded by the fringe with the pin (no rmally a flagstick) and cup. The levels of grass are varied to increase difficulty, or to allow for putting in the case of the green. While many holes are designed with a direct line-of-sight from the teeing area to t he green, some holes vmay bend either to the left or to the right. This is commonly called a "do gleg", in reference to a dog's knee. The hole is called a "dogleg left" if the hole angles leftwa rds and "dogleg right" if it bends r nvight. Sometimes, a hole's direction may b qnv quend twice; this is called a "double dogleg". A regular golf course consists of 18 holes, but nine- nvmhole courses are common a rder to adv iqnv quance a ball that has stopped on it; "doglegs", which are changes in the dire ction of the fairway that often re qnv quire shorter shots to play around them; bunkers (or sa nd traps); and water hazards such as ponds or streams In stroke play competitions played according to strict rules, each player plays his or he r ball unti[[m nv1]]ml it is holed no matter how many strokes that may take. In match play it is acc eptable to simply pick up one's ball and "surrender the hole" after enough strokes have be en made by a player that it is matv iqnv qhematically impossible for the player vmto win the hole. I t is also acceptable in informal stroke play to surrender the qnv qu hole after hitting three str okes more than the "par" rating of vmthe hole (a "triple bogey" - see below); while technicall y a violation of Rule 3-2, this practice speeds play as a courtesy to others, and avoids "run away scores", excessive frustration and injuries caused by overexertion. The total distance from the first tee box to qnv quthe 18th green can be quite long; total yardages "through the nvgreen" can be in excess of 7000 yards, and when add nving in the travel distance b courses, electric golf carts are qnv quused to travel between shots, which can speed-up play and al lows participation by individuals unable to walk a whole round. On other coursesv iqnv q players gener ally walk the course, either carrying their bag using a shoulder s nvtrap or using a "golf trolle y" for their b vmag. These trolley nvs may or may not be battery assisted. At ma vmny amateur tournamen ts including U.S. high school and college play, players are req qnv quuired to walk and to carry their own bags, but at the professional and top amateur level, as well as at high-level private cl ubs, players may be accompanied by caddies, w ho carry and manage the players' equipme |
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