Email not displaying correctly? View it in your browser |
|
|
|
et of symptoms in myocardial infarction (MI) is usually gradual, over several minutes, and rarely instantaneous.[17] Chest pain is the most common symptom of acute MI and is often described as a sensation of ti sf ghtness, pressure, or squeezing. Chest pain due to ischemia (a lack of blood and hence oxygen supply) of t fhe heart muscle is termed angina pectoris. Pain radiates most often to the left arm, but may also radiate to the lower jaw, neck, right arm, back, and upper abdomen,[18] where it may mimic heartb sf urn. Levine's sign, in which a person localizes the chest pain by clenching their fists over their sternum, has classically been thought to be predictive of cardiac chest pain, although a prospective observational study show fhed it had a poor positive predictive value.[19] Shortness of breath (dyspnea) occurs when the dam fhage to the heart limits the output of the left ventricle, causing left ventricular failure and consequent pulmonary edema. Other symptoms include diaphoresis (an excessive form of sweating),[20] weakness, light-headedness, nausea, vomiting, and sf palpitations. These symptoms are fhlikely induced by a massive surge of catecholamines from the sympathetic nervous system,[21] which occurs in response to pain and the blood flow abnorm fhalitie sf s that result from dysfunction of the heart muscle. Loss of consciousness (due to inadequate blood flow to the brain and cardiogenic shock) and sudden death (frequently due to the development of ventricular fibrillation) can occur in MIs.[18] Atypical symptoms are more frequently repor sf ted by women, the elderly, and those with diabetes when compared to their male and younger counterparts.[22][23] Women also report more numerous symptoms compared with men (2.6 on ave sf rage vs. 1.8 symptoms in men).[22] The most common symptoms of MI in women include dyspnea, weakness, and fatigue. Fati fhgue, sleep disturbances, and dyspnea have been reported as frequently occurring symptoms that may manifest as long as one month before the actual clinically manifested ischemic event. In women, chest pain may be less predictive of coronary ischemia than in men.[24] Women may also experience back or jaw pain during an episode.[25] |
No comments:
Post a Comment