to the present but became less of a ma 4xmkn instay of the mkn industry in the 1960s. They are prevalent in the Northern United States. Steel and aluminum casemen nts and Steel Vertical Operators were used from the 1950s 4xmkn through the 1960s. Aluminum windows were used in the 1960 xmkn s through the present. Vinyl windows were establishe d in the 1970s through the present. The last decade has al knso seen the admission of composite materials such a s fiberglass and vinyl-wood-polymer type pro 4xmkn ducts. Wood "drop-in" replacement windows and vinyl windows are d xmkn esigned to sit in place of the existing sashes and are constructed at 3 1/4" thickness in most cases. These type windo knws sit in the opening where the top and bottom sas h originally moved in their respective wooden " 4xmkn tracks" The mkn stop between the two sashes must also be removed in thi s type of refurbishment or retrofit installation. It r nequires minimal movement of existing trims both inside and out. The alternative is to replace the entire wood window including ja knmbs. This requires the reworking of interior and exterior wood trim to accommodate the size of the modern w nood window. Modern wood windows are available in with 4 9/16" jambs as a standard feature but can be equipped with "j 4xmkn amb extensions" to extend to This is to accommodat e the wall thickness as needed. Modern windows have two or more layers of glass. In the Unite mkn d States, the Energy Code sets certain standards for performance of products installed in homes. These codes now requi knre Low-E Glass in all residential homes. Low-E is a film that is several layers of metal poured micros ncopically thin over the surface of newly poured glass . This heat reflective film is transparent but can be darker or ligh 4xmkn ter depending on the type and manufacturer. Thi s data is rated in Visible Light Transmission. Darker glass wit xmkn h heavier Lowâ€"E will have less VT. The NFRC rates mos t energy star rated window manufacturers. Low-E glass is up to four times m 4xmkn ore efficient than clear glass. Other options include triple-glazing (a third pane of glass), mkn higher quality spacers between the panes, which reduce the failure rate and conduction that allows seal failure. This cr kneates "fogging" or condensation to form between the panes. Modern windows also have optional gases between the pa nnes that have higher insulative qualities than air, such as argon or xmkn krypton gases.
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