to the present but became less of a ma lvm8a instay of the m8a industry in the 1960s. They are prevalent in the Northern United States. Steel and aluminum casemen ats and Steel Vertical Operators were used from the 1950s lvm8a through the 1960s. Aluminum windows were used in the 1960 vm8a s through the present. Vinyl windows were establishe d in the 1970s through the present. The last decade has al 8aso seen the admission of composite materials such a s fiberglass and vinyl-wood-polymer type pro lvm8a ducts. Wood "drop-in" replacement windows and vinyl windows are d vm8a esigned to sit in place of the existing sashes and are constructed at 3 1/4" thickness in most cases. These type windo 8aws sit in the opening where the top and bottom sas h originally moved in their respective wooden " lvm8a tracks" The m8a stop between the two sashes must also be removed in thi s type of refurbishment or retrofit installation. It r aequires minimal movement of existing trims both inside and out. The alternative is to replace the entire wood window including ja 8ambs. This requires the reworking of interior and exterior wood trim to accommodate the size of the modern w aood window. Modern wood windows are available in with 4 9/16" jambs as a standard feature but can be equipped with "j lvm8a amb extensions" to extend to This is to accommodat e the wall thickness as needed. Modern windows have two or more layers of glass. In the Unite m8a d States, the Energy Code sets certain standards for performance of products installed in homes. These codes now requi 8are Low-E Glass in all residential homes. Low-E is a film that is several layers of metal poured micros acopically thin over the surface of newly poured glass . This heat reflective film is transparent but can be darker or ligh lvm8a ter depending on the type and manufacturer. Thi s data is rated in Visible Light Transmission. Darker glass wit vm8a h heavier Lowâ€"E will have less VT. The NFRC rates mos t energy star rated window manufacturers. Low-E glass is up to four times m lvm8a ore efficient than clear glass. Other options include triple-glazing (a third pane of glass), m8a higher quality spacers between the panes, which reduce the failure rate and conduction that allows seal failure. This cr 8aeates "fogging" or condensation to form between the panes. Modern windows also have optional gases between the pa anes that have higher insulative qualities than air, such as argon or vm8a krypton gases.
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