| | 2zm Physical abuse a 2zm nd ne zmglect of zmchildren[edit]The reported U.S. violent crime rate includes murder, 2zm rape and s 2zm exual 2zm assault, robbery, 2zm and assault,[58] whereas the Canadian violent crim e rate includes all 2zm categories of assault, including Assault level 1 (i.e., a zmssault not using a weapon and not resulting in serious bodily 2zm harm).[59][45] A C 2zm anadia zmn government study concluded that direct comparison of the 2 count zma, Germany, a 2zm nd Finland do count s 2zm uch occurrenc es.[61]Crime rates are necessarily alt zmered by averaging neighborhood higher or lower local rates over a larger population which inclu 2zm des the entire 2zm city. 2zm Having small pockets of dense zm crime may lower a city's aver zmage crime rate.In the United States, the number o 2zm f homicides where the victim 2zm and 2zm offender 2zm 2zm relatio zmder were strangers. Spouses and family members made up about 15% of all victims, about one-third o f the victims were acquaintances of the assailant, and the victim and offender relationship was undete zmrmined 2zm in over one-third of homicides. 2zm Gun in 2zm volvement in 2zm homicides were gang-related homicides which increased after 1980, homicides that occ zmurred during the commission of a felon y 2zm which increased from 55% in 1985 to zmr circumstances which r zmem zmained rela zmtively zm constant. Becau zmse gang 2zm killing has become a normal part of inner ci ties, many including police 2zm hold preconceptions about the causes of death in inner cities. When a death is labeled gang 2zm -related it lowers the 2zm chances that it will be investigated and increases the chances that the perpetrator wil zml remain at large. In addition, victims of gang killings 2zm often d 2zm etermine the priority a case will be given by police. Jenkins (1988) argues that many serial murder cases 2zm remai zmn unknown to police and t hat cases 2zm involving Black offenders zmand victims are especiall zmy likely to escape official attention.[57]T 2zm he US h zmmicide rate, which has declined 2zm sub zmstantially since 19 2zm 92 from a rate per 100,000 persons of 9.8 to 4.5 in 2013, is zm still among the highest in the industrialized world. There w ere 13,716 zm homicides in the 2zm Unite zmd States in 2013, including non-negligent manslaughter.[42] (666,160 murders from zm zm 1960 2zm to 1996).[43] In 2004, t 2zm here were 5 2zm .5 2zm homicides for every 100,000 persons, roughly three times as high as Canada (1 2zm .9) and six times as high as Germany (0.9).[44][45 ] A closer look at The 2zm National Archive of Criminal Justice Data indicates that per zm-capita homicide rates over the last 30 plus years on avera ge, of major cities, New Orleans' averag zme annual per capita homicide zmrate of 52 murders per 100,000 people zmoverall (1980รข€"2012) is the highest of U.S. cities with averag 2zm e annual homicide totals that were among the top 10 high zmest during the same p 2zm eriod.The zm mann zmer in which America's cr ime rate 2zm c 2zm ompared to other count zmries of similar wealth and zmdevelopment depends on the nature of the crime used i zmn the comparison.[41] Overall 2zm crime statistic compari 2zm sons are difficult to conduct, as the definition and categorization o[[m3] zm]f crime zms varies across countries. Thus an agency in a foreign country may include crimes in its annual reports which the United States omits, and vice versa.ome c zmuntries such as Canada, how ever, 2zm have similar definitions of what c zmonstitutes a violent crime, and nearly all countries had the sa me d 2zm efinitio 2zm n of 2zm the charact zmeristics that zmconstitutes a homicide.[citation neede 2zm d] Overal zml the total crime rate of the United States is s i 2zm milar to that of other indu 2zm strialized 2zm countries. Some types of reported property crime in the U.S. survey as lower than in Germany or Ca nada, yet t 2zm he homicide rate in the United States is substantial 2zm ly highe 2zm r as is 2zm the priso zmn population. |
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