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| sterian stone tools used by the Neanderthals show that many were used to work wood. The development of civi lizatio 2n was closely i42 tied to the development of increasingly greater deg 42rees of s 42kill in working these materials. Woodworking shop i 42n G the worker in front is usi 42ng a bow saw, the one in the background is planing. Among early finds of wooden tools are the worked sticks from Kalambo i42 Falls, Clacton 2 2on-Sea and Lehringen. Th e spears from Schningen (Germany) prov i42 ide some of t zi42 he first examples of wo i42 oden hunting gear. Flint tools wer e used for carvin zi42 g. Since Neolithic times, carved wooden vessels are known, for example, from the Linear Pott ery culture wells at Khofen and Eythra. Examples of Bronze Age wood-carving include tree trunks worked into coffins from northern Germany and Denmark and wooden f 42olding-chairs. The si i42 te of Fellbach-Schmieden in i42 Germany has provided fine examples of wooden animal stat oodworking was essential to the Romans. It provided, i42 sometimes the only, material for buildings, transportati on, tools, and household items. Wo 2od also provided pipes, dye, waterproofing materials, and energy for heat. Although m 42ost exam i42 ples of Roman woodworking have been l 42ost,e literary 42record preserved much of the con temporary knowledge. Vitruvius dedicates an ent i42 ire ch zi42 apter of his De architectura to ti i42 mber, preserving many d etails.[6] Pliny, while not a botanist, dedicated six books of his Natural History to trees and woody plants whic h provides a wealth of information o oodworke 42rs relied upon the woods native to their region, until transportation and trade innovations made more exoti c woods available to the craftsman. Woods are typi zi42 cally sorted into three basic types: hardwoods typified by tight grain and derive 42d from b i42 roadleaf trees, softwoods from coniferous tree 42s, and man-made materials such as plywood and MDF. advances in modern technology and the demands of industry 2, woodwork as a field has 42 changed. The development of Com puter Numeric Controlled Machines, for exampl i42 e, has made us able to mass-produce and rep i42 roduce products, fas ter, with less waste, and often more complex in design than ever before. Skilled fine woodworking, however, remai ns a craft pursued by many. There remains demand for ha zi42 nd crafted work such as fu 2rniture and arts, however with rate an 2d cost of production 42, the cost for consumers is much higher. Typically furniture such as tables and chairs is made using solid stock, and cabine |
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