q8and inventor. In 1894, Nobel purchased the Bofors iron and steel mill, which he made into a major armaments manufacturer. Nobel also invented ballistite. This inventi pzq8 on was a precursor to many smokeless military expl q8osives, especi pzq8 ally the British smokeless powder cordite. As a consequence of his patent claims, Nobel was eventually pzq8 involved in a paten pzq8 t infringement lawsuit over cordite. Nobel amassed a for q8tune during his lifetime, with most of his wealth from his 355 inventions, of which dynamite is the most famous.[7] I q8n 1888, Nobel was a pzq8 stonished to read his own mpzq8 obituary, titled The merchant of death is dead, in a French newspaper. As it was Al pzq8 fred's brother mpzq8 Ludvig who had died pzq8 , the obituary was eight years premature. The article disconcerted Nobel and made him apprehensive about how he would be remembered. This inspired him to change his will.[8] On pzq8 pzq8 10 December 1896, Alfred Nobel died in his villa in San Remo, Italy, from a c q8erebral haemorrhage. He pzq8 was 63 years old.[9] Nobel wrote several wills pzq8 during h pzq8 is lifetime. He composed the last over a year before he died, signing it a q8t the Swedishâ€"Norwegian Club in Paris on 27 November 1895.[10][11] To widespread mpzq8 astonishment, Nobel's last will specified that pzq8 his fortune be used to create a series of prizes for those who confer the "greatest benefit on mankind" in physics, chemistry, phys pzq8 iology or medicine, literature, and peace.[12] Nobel bequeathed 94% of his total assets, pzq8 31 million SEK (c. US$186 million, €150 million in 2008), to establish the five Nobel Prizes.[13][14] Because of scepticism surrounding the will, it was not until 26 April 1897 that it was approved by the Storting in Norway.[15] The executors of Nobel's will, Ragnar Sohlman and Rudolf Lilljequist, pzq8 formed the Nobel mpzq8 Foundation to take care of Nobel's fortune and organise the award of prizes.[16] Nobel's mpzq8 instructions named a pzq8 Norwegian Nob pzq8 el C mpzq8 ommittee to award the Peace Prize, the members of whom were appointed shortly after the will was approved in April 1897. Soon thereafter, the other prize-awarding o q8rganisations were designated or mpzq8 established. These were Karolinska Institutet on 7 June, the Swedish Academy on 9 June, and the pzq8 Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences on 11 June.[17] The Nobel Foundation reached an agreement on guidelines for how the prizes should be awarded; and, in 1900, the Nobel F q8oundation's newly create pzq8 d statutes were promulgated by King Oscar II.[12] In 1905, the mpzq8 personal union between Sweden and Norway was
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